Abstract
Kurds, who are marked by long-term internal colonialism, differ from other post-colonial diasporas on one main point—they belong to the largest ethnic community that lack a nation-state while also being divided between four nations. This chapter surveys these conflicts that inform of a highly complex terrain of political, religious, cultural, and social struggles, where Kurds have been subject to systematic oppression and assimilationist policies in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran. The accounts give a background that serves as an important site for the renaissance of Kurdish identity among the Kurdish diaspora in Europe. The Kurdish diaspora has been one of the most active diasporas that have been attuned to both homeland and settlement countries while also facing sustained challenges.
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