State Reforms in the Field of Education in Russia (Late 18th-Early 19th Centuries)

Nataliya M Rumyantseva,Yuliya V Yurova,Ludmila N Tretiyakova,Veroniсa E Matveenko

doi:10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1440

Abstract

The article examines the state policy of Russia in the field of education during the late 18th - early 19th centuries. This period is characterized by a great democratization of education and the definition of new goals, objectives and content of education: the professional training of a young person becomes inseparable from the education of a citizen - a patriot of a state and a broadly enlightened personality in different sciences. The paper analyzed historical documents (orders of Russian emperors concerning public education, school and university statutes, historical references). In the chronological order, state reforms in the field of education in Russia were constructed and characterized at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, the statistical data on the number of pupils, teachers and schools within the period under review were presented.

Highlights

The end of the 18th and the early 19th century is one of the most important periods in the history of Russia, the era of significant reforms performed by Russian emperors in various spheres: military, peasant and educational one
This research investigated the educational development in Russia during the end of the 18th - early 19th century period
The reforms of Catherine II in the field of education and public education were not fully implemented, but the empress's educational work played a huge role in the development of Russian education

Summary

Introduction

The end of the 18th and the early 19th century is one of the most important periods in the history of Russia, the era of significant reforms performed by Russian emperors in various spheres: military, peasant and educational one. This was the period of the Empress Catherine II reign (1762 - 1796), the Emperor Paul I reign (1796 - 1801), and the Emperor Alexander I reign (1801-1825). A special attention should be paid to the transformation in the field of science and education in Russia During this period the problem of public education was one of the most important state problems: there were very few educated people who could read and write, and the rural population remained illiterate almost completely. This period of history is characterized by the expansion of public school network in Russia, the publication of the first Charters for the organization of schools and universities, the development of secular education and the upbringing for boys and girls

Reforms of Empress Catherine II in the field of education

Number of students students teachers

Conclusion