Abstract
The process of education and science intensive development in Russia at the end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th centuries is completely related with the personality of Emperor Peter I (Great), who understood the grandiose importance of public education for Russia. The reforms of Peter I in the field of science and education became the most important foundation in the history of pedagogy and military affairs development in Russia, as well as in the history of the Russian state national security strengthening. The result of Peter I reforms in education was the creation of domestic regular Armed Forces of Russia and the provision of the Russian state with the experts of different profiles: military people, engineers, technicians and diplomats. The authors of the article carried out a comprehensive analysis of the materials available in Russia about the Peter schools in order to systematize and preserve these data for pedagogical science and history. The work studied the documents (decrees and letters) of Peter the Great reflecting the reforms in the field of science and education of Russia at the end of the 17th - early 18th centuries. With the support of historical documents, the establishment chronology of the first schools in Russia, the conditions for schoolchildren teaching, the structure and the content of training programs were described, and the teaching aids used in Peter schools were listed.
Highlights
The transformative activity of Peter I had and is still of great significance for Russia
The historical experience of pedagogical education organization in the Russian Empire at the end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th centuries represents the integral knowledge, including both theoretical and practical aspects, which have not lost their relevance at present time
The books, textbooks and teaching aids that were used at that time in Russian schools were the following ones: Psalter, Horologion, "Arithmetic"
Summary
The transformative activity of Peter I had and is still of great significance for Russia. The army, the fleet, industry and trade needed a large number of experts: officers, sailors, artillerymen, engineers, doctors, civil servants, scientists and teachers In this regard, a number of important educational reforms was implemented. The books, textbooks and teaching aids that were used at that time in Russian schools were the following ones: Psalter (the book of Psalms), Horologion (a liturgical book with prayers and the foundations of public worship content and order), "Arithmetic" (L.F. Magnitsky), "Sinuses" (with the addition of logarithm tables), "On the use of a compass and a ruler" ("Geometry", translated by J.V. Bruce, 1707), "The description of artillery" (Timofey Brink, 1710), "Artillery teaching and practice" (Johann Buchner, 1711), "The New Fortress" (fortress structure) (Minno van Kugorn, 1709), "The true way to strengthen cities on a wet or a low horizon" (Sebastian Le Prestres de Vauban, 1724). The graduates of this school contributed to the successful outcome of the Northern War, and Russian artillery became one of the best ones in Europe
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