State of the Russian Oncology Service: lip cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part I. Incidence rate, annual mortality rate, localization and histological structure

Abstract

Malignant neoplasms of the lip (C00) are rare types of malignancies. It is ranked 30 in terms of the structure of oncopathology in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. There is a positive trend in the incidence rate as the proportion in the database of the Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) of the Northwestern Federal Region of the Russian Federation takes modestly 0,4% (both sexes).
 It should be noted that according to the official reporting (Form No. 7) it is impossible to obtain any other criteria for assessing the effectiveness of combating this tumor in addition to the trends of morbidity. We have presented the estimation on the state of the effectiveness of anticancer measures regarding malignant tumors of the lip (C00) on the basis of the PCR database of Saint Petersburg.
 As of January 1, 2020 the Northwestern Federal Region of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) includes 11 subjects with the population of 1 397 727. In February 2019 we created a unified database of malignant neoplasms of the Federal Region. In fact there has been organized the first in Russia Population-based Cancer Registry at the Federal Region level. Total number of registered lip cancer cases includes more than 1 million 350 thousand cases. To develop analytical criteria, only reliable materials with a number of 952791 cases including 2663 cases of malignant tumors of the lip were selected.
 Aim of the study: to determine the prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the lip, annual mortality, features of localization and histological structure.
 Materials and methods. The study was based on the reference books on the prevalence of malignant tumors (IARC publication Cancer on Five Continents volume XI, P.A. Herzen Institute of Medical Research, N.N. Petrov National Research Center of Oncology, the Population Cancer Registry database of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation). Standard research methods recommended by the International Association of Cancer Registries were used.
 Results of the study. The study has revealed a high level of lip cancer morbidity of the population in Russia and the North-Western Federal District against the background of indicators for economically developed countries, but the incidence rate is gradually decreasing.
 The highest standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors of the lip in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation remains among the male population of the Vologda, Pskov regions and the Komi Republic.
 We have established a special procedure for the death of patients with malignant neoplasms of the lip in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. A surge in mortality from lip cancer has been revealed in women in the second, fourth, seventh, ninth and tenth years of follow-up, in men in the fourth, seventh and tenth, which requires fundamental research in search of the causes of the surge in mortality. Unfavorable annual mortality trends in patients with lip cancer in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation have been revealed. The features of localization and histological structure of malignant tumors of the lip have been established.