State-of-the-art telemodule-enabled intelligent optical nano-biosensors for proficient SARS-CoV-2 monitoring

Abstract

The global urgency surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscores the need for effective strategies in promptly controlling its spread and ensuring accurate diagnosis. This review delves into the potential of optical nanophotonic biosensors to facilitate rapid and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers, thereby enabling telehealth-based diagnosis of COVID-19. A comprehensive analysis covers various optical biosensor modules, including interferometric optical methods, resonance shifts, plasmonic optics, colorimetric, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and bio-nanophotonics, all applied in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis. Additionally, the review explores the integration of telemedicine services, such as telehealth, telemonitoring, telemanagement, telescreening, and teleconsultation, with nanophotonic biosensors, emphasizing their roles in diagnosing COVID-19. The examination provides valuable insights into the pros and cons of utilizing optical biosensors within telemedicine systems for COVID-19 patient diagnosis. The review concludes by suggesting that by improving the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors, telehealth-based diagnostic tools can significantly enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. The integration of optical biosensors with other diagnostic technologies is proposed as a means to boost the overall efficiency of telehealth-based diagnostic systems, potentially saving numerous lives in future pandemic scenarios.