Abstract
One of the major issues facing the world is the resource of safe water, which is decreasing rapidly due to climatic changes, contamination, and pollution. The most affected living beings are underwater life forms as they eventually take these toxins in and are thus prone to death, making continuously checking water quality a quintessential task. But traditional systems for checking water quality are energy-consuming, involving the initial collection of water samples from different locations and then testing them in the lab. One emerging technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), shows great promise related to this field. This paper presents a detailed review of various water quality monitoring systems (WQSN), using IoT, that have been proposed by various researchers for the past decade (2011–2020). In this instance, new calculations are made for potential clients to analyze the concerned area of research. This review acknowledges key accomplishments concerning quality measures and success indicators regarding qualitative and quantitative measurement. This study also explores the key points and reasons behind lessons learned and proposes a roadmap for impending findings.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThis paper offers an effective Internet of Things (IoT)-based Water Quality Monitoring Systems (WQMS) for fish ponds
The total volume of fresh water available for human usage and consumption is as little as 2%, though 70% of the Earth is covered by water (Yang et al [4])
The human community faces a scarcity of water for consumption as the population rises, and the meager amount available is increasingly polluted by uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization
Summary
M. Manoj 1 , V. Dhilip Kumar 1, *, Muhammad Arif 2 , Elena-Raluca Bulai 3 , Petru Bulai 4 and Oana Geman 5, * Citation: Manoj, M.; Dhilip Kumar, V.; Arif, M.; Bulai, E.-R.; Bulai, P.; Geman, O. State of the Art Using IoT and Underwater Sensors: A Review. Sensors 2022, 22, 2088. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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