State-of-the-Art Subtalar Joint Kinematic and Stress Imaging with Emphasis on 4-D CT: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going

Abstract

Subtalar joint injuries are common and can result in chronic ankle instability syndrome. Conventional imaging of the subtalar joint can be challenging and lacks specific diagnostic criteria. In this context, kinematic and stress imaging emerges as a viable option to improve subtalar joint imaging. There are already multiple studies on different methods of imaging the subtalar joint under stress, each with its advantages and disadvantages, which the orthopedic community are not well acquainted with. Moreover, in recent times, the clinical availability of 4-D CT (four dimensional computed tomography). has increased considerably with multiple studies supporting the role of this technique in the kinematic evaluation of various joints including the subtalar joint. The objective of this review is to present the most pertinent available options for subtalar joint kinematic and stress imaging with emphasis on the recent developments in 4-D CT of this joint.