Abstract
Two states of sleep can be individualized as early as 36 weeks’ gestational age: rapid eye movement (REM), also called desynchronized or active sleep, and nonrapid eye movement (NREM), a term synonymous with synchronized or quiet sleep. In infants, REM sleep represents up to 50% of total sleep time at birth, and this proportion progressively decreases with age (25% near 2 years and 20% near 20 years of age). When criteria in infants are not sufficiently concordant to define the epoch as REM or NREM sleep, indeterminate sleep (IS) is noted. IS covers transitional phases of sleep, as well as phases of disturbed sleep. Control of breathing varies with the state of alertness, and pathology may be related only to specific sleep states. Studies have been performed on different age groups to correlate sleep state and breathing activity.
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