State-of-the-art review on the steel decarbonization technologies based on process system engineering perspective

Abstract

Decarbonization of steel manufacturing requires policies to reduce carbon emissions through technology development, renewable energy use, carbon pricing mechanisms, research and development, circular economy practices, energy management systems, and collaboration between industry, government, and academia. This policy assertion seeks to encourage the development and implementation of technologies that can reduce carbon emissions in steel manufacturing processes, such as hydrogen-based steelmaking, carbon capture and utilization, and energy-efficient processes. Low-carbon technologies, renewable energy, a carbon price, material efficiency, and collaboration are key strategies to reduce carbon emissions in the steel sector. Low-carbon energy sources such as wind and solar can be used to power the steelmaking process, while carbon pricing can reduce industrial emissions. To reduce emissions, stakeholders from all stages of the value chain must collaborate to develop decarbonization strategies, such as funding R&D, exchanging knowledge, and offering carbon-cutting incentives. This review provides a conceptual design approach proposed for the successful analysis of steel decarbonization potential from a process system engineering perspective. Challenges and opportunities are also been highlighted with respect to energy, economics, and environmental aspect. Technologies still require more advancement in terms of operation and energy intensity as technical and economic aspects are found superior to conventional technologies.