State-of-the-Art of the Major Nanopharmaceuticals Treatments in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently detected cancer in women worldwide, its metastasis is responsible for 90% of deaths. Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cause of deaths associated with malignancies. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the main molecule binding to CD44 and has proved to be a significant ally in the development of nanotransporters that demonstrate preferential accumulation of tumors and increased cellular uptake. Objective: Carry out a systematic review of the main treatments to reduce or prevent the proliferation of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 59 articles have found and after the selection process 20 articles have included and discussed in this study. PUBMED, EMBASE, OVID, AND COCHRANE LIBRARY databases were searched. Results: cationic liposomes containing the conjugate hyaluronic acid-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (HA-DOPE) mediated good transfection in cell lines that express CD44 in culture. Still, other results suggested that the formulation of lapatinib (LPT) coated with HA increases the activity of LPT against triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, compared to free doxorubicin (DOX), superior in vivo antitumor efficacy of modified carbon spots (HA HA-CD) and (p-CBA-DOX) was observed in heterotopic and orthotopic 4T1 cell tumor models. In addition, hematological and biochemical analysis of blood showed that HA-CD and p-CBA-DOX did not induce noticeable toxicity, which further confirmed the good biocompatibility of HA-CD and p-CBA-DOX. Also, it was found that CD44v expression can negatively influence HA uptake and, instead, when cells expressed mainly CD44s, a positive correlation between expression and uptake was observed. Other findings point to the potential clinical utility of recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) as a therapeutic treatment for invasive and metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion: The development of nanopharmaceuticals delivery systems are able to control the development of tumors and represent a promising strategy to overcome issues related to the non-specific effects of conventional anticancer therapies.