Abstract
Abstract. Spatial data and information had been used for some time in planning or landscape design. For a long time, architects were using spatial data in the form of topographic map for their designs. This method is not efficient, and it is also not more accurate than using spatial analysis by utilizing GIS. Architects are sometimes also only accentuating the aesthetical aspect for their design, but not taking landscape process into account which could cause the design could be not suitable for its use and its purpose. Nowadays, GIS role in landscape architecture has been formalized by the emergence of Geodesign terminology that starts in Representation Model and ends in Decision Model. The development of GIS could be seen in several fields of science that now have the urgency to use 3 dimensional GIS, such as in: 3D urban planning, flood modeling, or landscape planning. In this fields, 3 dimensional GIS is able to support the steps in modeling, analysis, management, and integration from related data, that describe the human activities and geophysics phenomena in more realistic way. Also, by applying 3D GIS and geodesign in landscape design, geomorphology information can be better presented and assessed. In some research, it is mentioned that the development of 3D GIS is not established yet, either in its 3D data structure, or in its spatial analysis function. This study literature will able to accommodate those problems by providing information on existing development of 3D GIS for landscape architecture, data modeling, the data accuracy, representation of data that is needed by landscape architecture purpose, specifically in the river area.
Highlights
From several definitions of landscape architecture, it could be summarized that landscape architecture is the design, planning, management and land arrangement which integrates science and art, for the benefit of humans, taking into account the mutual interaction between the environment and man and between human.Architects tend to only use GIS (Geographic Information System) for the base map or landuse or visualization, but GIS function is beyond that
In the virtual 3D city model of Berlin that was researched by Döllner et al, these geodata sources were used (Döllner et al, 2006): 1. Cadastral Data: The cadastral database delivers the official footprints of buildings and land parcels
City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models. It is an application schema for the Geography Markup Language version 3.1.1 (GML3), the extendible international standard for spatial data exchange issued by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the ISO TC211 (OGC, 2007)
Summary
From several definitions of landscape architecture, it could be summarized that landscape architecture is the design, planning, management and land arrangement which integrates science and art, for the benefit of humans, taking into account the mutual interaction between the environment and man and between human. Some fields of science are already requiring 3D GIS such as: 3D urban planning, flood modeling, as well as landscape planning (Stoter and Zlatanova, 2003) to support the steps in the modeling, analysis, management, and integration of related data, which describe human activity and geophysical phenomena more realistically (Breunig and Zlatanova, 2011). 3D GIS is a 3 dimensional Geographic Information System, which is descrives the real world visualization in 3 dimensional view, but it is the data modelling, geo-objects, structuring, This contribution has been peer-reviewed. Architects to do a quick analysis and scientific, which means helping architects to have knowledge and understanding of current conditions to be used in the design objective, and presenting the base for the planning and design stages (Xu, 2011). This paper is written as preliminary study for research in Three Dimensional Geographic Information System for Landscape Architecture in the river area. The researched object of that study is what is the data needed and the data detail requirement for 3D landscape design and the data acquisition method that could be used in order to achieve certain data resolution and how those requirements could be implemented in landscape architecture
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