Abstract
Solid-state transformer (SST) is an emerging technology integrating with a transformer power electronics converters and control circuitry. This paper comprehensively reviews the SST topologies suitable for different voltage levels and with varied stages, their control operation, and different trends in applications. The paper discusses various SST configurations with their design and characteristics to convert the input to output under unipolar and bipolar operation. A comparison between the topologies, control operation and applications are included. Different control models and schemes are explained. Potential benefits of SST in many applications in terms of controllability and the synergy of AC and DC systems are highlighted to appreciate the importance of SST technologies. This review highlights many factors including existing issues and challenges and provides recommendations for the improvement of future SST configuration and development.
Highlights
Solid state transformer (SST) is an emerging technology that could influence the developments in many areas such as smart-grids, traction systems, the system with renewable energy sources (RESs) to mention just a few [1]–[3]
This topology is used for the high power application; because the dual-active bridge (DAB) topology can realize zero-voltage switching of power devices while minimizing the loss caused by the hard switching in the circuit [125]
The review outlines a detailed investigation of STS topologies, controller operation, associated application and implementation problems to identify their substantial contribution in renewables and further deregulated energy market
Summary
Solid state transformer (SST) is an emerging technology that could influence the developments in many areas such as smart-grids, traction systems, the system with renewable energy sources (RESs) to mention just a few [1]–[3]. All types of SSTs have the functions of isolated AC-AC conversion regardless of their differences in the design of converter topologies [13]. All these topology designs are basically categorized into single-stage, two-stage, and threestage, as shown in Fig. 2 [8], [11], [14]. Three-stage SST topology is the most common configuration and has the HF isolation in the DC-DC stage as it provides more power to meet the requirements of the smart transformer. The major contribution of this paper is to deliver a detail overview and analysis of SST topologies with power/voltage level, updated information, important features, benefits, drawbacks, and related applications.
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