Abstract
Forward osmosis is considered as an emerging technology that can compete with existing methods of desalination, purification and concentration of natural and wastewater on the global water market. This review presents possible applications of forward osmosis, technological schemes and the most striking case studies. The issues of forward osmosis membranes development and improvement, composition and regeneration of draw solutions, membrane fouling are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems arising during forward osmosis operation, to energy and economic assessment of new technology. Conclusions are drawn about the status of the commercial implementation of forward osmosis and the main barriers that stand in the way of its development.
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