Abstract
Although synchrophasor measurement technology (SMT) has become a somewhat mature and operational tool used in transmission-level power networks, its use in active distribution networks (ADNs) is still in very early stages. Due to distinct features (such as unbalanced operation, very low phase angle differences, greater harmonics pollution, and lower signal-to-noise ratios in distribution networks), transmission-level devices and applications may not be fully effective at the distribution level. Extensive research and development efforts are in progress to bring distribution-level phasor measurement units (DPMUs) to an operational stage in ADNs. This essential work is made even more urgent by changing ADNs that are widely integrating distributed energy resources and enabling demand-side entities as active network players, in some cases considering authorizing them for peer-to-peer energy trading. This paper focuses on SMT/DPMU applications in ADNs and microgrids. We specifically elaborate on how SMT/DPMUs are enabling 1) effective situational awareness, 2) enhanced protection and fault location functions, 3) novel control algorithms and augmented energy management applications, and 4) long-term baselining and analysis. Various barriers and challenges that come with rapid and broad deployment of SMT/DPMUs and their associated applications are also discussed.
Highlights
Power systems have been monitored and operated using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems that provide a quasi-static view of many, but not all, system state and control variables
Summary and Conclusion Given how widely distributed energy resources (DERs) are becoming integrated into distribution networks and how actively demand-response programs are being implemented, distribution-level phasor measurement unit (DPMU) can be deployed to support the monitoring, protection, control, management, and planning of the grid and its stakeholders
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in utilizing synchrophasor measurement technology (SMT)/DPMU technology and applications for active distribution networks (ADNs) and microgrids protection, control, operation, and planning
Summary
Power systems have been monitored and operated using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems that provide a quasi-static view of many, but not all, system state and control variables (for example, frequency, amplitude of bus voltages, line powers, generation and load quantities). An active distribution network (ADN) should be able to host utility-owned or behind-the-meter DERs with allowance for reverse power flow, adapt to the ever-growing stochastic operation circumstances, maintain operational variables within acceptable ranges, and even occasionally disconnect from the main grid while continuing to operate as a microgrid (or a multitude of microgrids) This transformation requires advanced measurement, communication, computation, and control infrastructure implemented using efficient and reliable management and regulation strategies. Reconfiguring an ADN or connecting/disconnecting a microgrid with the main grid can significantly change operation conditions and characteristics of the overall network For these reasons, WAMPAC applications used in existing bulk power systems may be less effective in ADNs. the need for research and innovation in SMT advancement and application continues to grow.
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