Abstract
Gas turbines must now comply with much stricter emission control regulations. In fact, to combat the greenhouse effect, regulatory authorities have drastically reduced allowable emission levels. For example, in less than 12 years, the United States’ Clean Air Act issued the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), which tightened the NOx emission margin of natural gas combustion (from 75 ppm to 10 ppm). On the other hand, despite those efforts, the high demand for energy produced by fossil-fueled gas turbines in power plants has resulted in dramatic increases in anthropogenic CO2 and NOx emitted by gas combustors. Most systems responsible for these undesirable emissions are directly linked to power generation, with gas turbines playing a pivotal role. Yet, gas turbines are still widely used in power plants and will continue to meet the growing demand. Therefore, sequestration and separation techniques such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Air Separation Units (ASU) are essential to reduce CO2 and NOx emissions while allowing large amounts of power to be generated from these systems. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the current state of the art in alternative working fluids utilized in the power generation industry (i.e., gas turbines, combustion). In addition, this paper highlights the recent contribution of integrating separation techniques, such as air separation, steam methane reforming, and water-gas shifting, to the power generation industry to facilitate a continuous and adequate supply of alternative working fluids.
Highlights
This paper examines the state of art in integrating Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and separation units to a variety of gas turbine cycle configurations, highlighting their role in producing a continuous and sustainable supply of complex blends of working fluids, reducing carbon and NOx emissions and increasing the power generation cycle efficiency. the progress of separation processes has been reported previously, this paper aims to correlate this progress with the potential of producing a continuous and sustainable supply of alternative working fluids to gas turbine and combustion chambers, delivering unique state-of-the-art evaluation
As discussed, evaluating the proposed novel approaches of utilizing alternative working fluids in gas turbines is based on the implementation simplicity, cycle efficiency, power outputs, economic sustainability, and acceptable combustibility criteria
Within those criteria, this paper provides an in-depth examination of the current state of the art in alternative working fluids utilized in the power generation industry
Summary
This paper examines the state of art in integrating CCS and separation units to a variety of gas turbine cycle configurations, highlighting their role in producing a continuous and sustainable supply of complex blends of working fluids, reducing carbon and NOx emissions and increasing the power generation cycle efficiency. The literature [1,2,3,4,5] is enriched with research on the use of alternative working fluids, which have significant potential for improving gas turbine efficiency and power outputs These increases are necessary to ensure the integration of other high-energy-consuming processes into the global carbon footprint reduction effort. As discussed, evaluating the proposed novel approaches of utilizing alternative working fluids in gas turbines is based on the implementation simplicity, cycle efficiency, power outputs, economic sustainability, and acceptable combustibility criteria. Cons Low efficiency for low CO2 concentration, i.e., Post-combustion High heat requirements
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