State of the Art HCV Treatment in Children

Abstract

Hepatitis C infection is a global issue with an estimated 5 million children with active HCV infection worldwide. The advent of oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens has revolutionized treatment in adults with excellent efficacy and tolerability. There are limited data and few approved therapies in children. The aim of this review is to discuss the currently approved regimens for children and the recently reported results of clinical trials of DAA in children. DAA regimens are currently approved only for children ≥ 12 years. For most children < 12 years, it is recommended that HCV therapy be deferred until patients are eligible for oral DAA therapies. For treatment-naive adolescents with HCV genotype 1, 4, 5, or 6, treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks has been reported to have sustained virologic response at 12 weeks of 98%. For treatment-naive adolescents with genotype 2 or 3 HCV, sofosbuvir- ribavirin combination therapy (12 weeks for genotype 2 and 24 weeks for genotype 3) has been reported to have SVR12 of 100% and 97%, respectively. There are promising, recently published studies showing excellent SVR12 rates for ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin in adolescents with HCV genotype 1 or 4, and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir in children/adolescents with HCV genotype 4. Finally, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin for children age 6–12 years with genotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 treated for either 12 or 24 weeks is reported to have an SVR12 rate of 99%. HCV treatment in children is rapidly evolving. There are now highly effective all-oral, interferon-free regimens for children ≥ 12 years. Clinical trials are on-going for adolescents and children < 12 years with a variety of pangenotypic ribavirin-free regimens, with anticipated approvals in the near future.