Abstract
The dependence of distributed generations (DGs) on climate conditions and fluctuating load demands are the challenges for the implementation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in islanded microgrids. BESS participation in system frequency regulation becomes one of the solutions to those challenges. Frequency regulation by BESS can be realized by applying the load-frequency control (LFC) in BESS. However, this participation clearly poses problems for the battery state of charge (SOC), as the battery is often overcharged or undercharged. In this paper, a control that maintains SOC at a certain level is introduced. This control strategy focuses on the battery operation function, which is determined from five control scenarios. All scenarios are achieved by applying the droop reference shifting method in the LFC to allow battery operation change. Control verification is carried out on an islanded microgrid system that experiences load demand changes and photovoltaic (PV) output power changes. The test results show that the SOC is maintained at 45–75% by applying load and PV power variations. The results correspond to the predetermined criteria control.
Highlights
In recent years, environmental issues have required the availability of clean and economically affordable energy
The power absorbed by battery energy storage systems (BESSs) increases SOC
The SOC operation changes to lower critical state (LCS), where BESS stops operating and puts the SOC maintained at 45%
Summary
Environmental issues have required the availability of clean and economically affordable energy This causes vertically power system restructuring and has significant impacts on the electricity industry [1]. HES consist of several DGs, consumer, and energy storage units Such systems are often called microgrids which can operate physically islanded or interconnected with the utility grids [3]. LFC is a control-based droop which allows the source units to regulate their output power according to the system frequency to within prescribed value. Given the large operating margin of the islanded microgrid, varying the BESS output power to maintain the SOC is possible. By applying the LFC and the proposed SOC control, the BESS continuously varies its output power while maintaining system stability
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