Abstract
Why do Asian developmental states form partnerships with businesses? How and under what conditions do state–business partnerships evolve when a developmental state moves up the global value chain (GVC)? This paper argues that as Asian developmental states move up the GVC, they will engage in more intensive partnerships with businesses to spur innovation. Moreover, using the triple helix model of innovation in the business literature, Asian states high on the value chain will move away from a simple bilateral state–business relation to a trilateral state–business–university relation, leveraging talent in universities to drive innovation. Based on comparative case analysis of six Asian economies, the advanced economies not only show strong state–business relations, but also have tight triadic state–business–university closures. On the other hand, emerging Asian economies exhibit premature triple helix configurations. By contrasting a variety of cases, this paper provides insights to the heterogeneity of state-led innovation partnerships in Asia.
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