State Estimation and Active Distribution Networks

Abstract

AbstractActive Distribution Networks (ADN) are distribution systems containing advanced monitoring and communication infrastructures and efficient functions to remotely and automatically manage Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and network topology. In an ADN, the Distribution Management System (DMS) collects and processes data, filters errors inherent to the meters and communication issues, and determines the network operating condition. Based on the operating condition, the DMS controls voltages, power flows, and system topology from the management of various devices, allowing the system to operate according to standards of power quality and energy efficiency. A state estimation function properly designed is required to filter errors inherent to the monitoring infrastructure. The state estimator provides the most likely network operating condition, which is the basis for the application functions of the DMS. This chapter presents an overview of some Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) approaches available in the literature. Four well-established approaches are presented, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Aspects such as state estimation modeling and solutions are included. The chapter also presents the main challenges for enabling DSSE in ADNs and briefly discusses a set of application functions usually available in a DMS that can benefit from DSSE, focusing on how state estimators can aid these functions.