Abstract
<p>This essay argues that the global trade liberalization, particularly since 1995, strengthens some transnational corporations (TNCs) to become more powerful. In this sense, some statements argued by state-centric realism have to be revised; however, doing that does not mean that realism is fully out-of-date. The case studies suggest that mother country, such as the U.S., is a critical agent for TNCs to project their power and/or to protect their vital interest in the global market. In other word, sovereign state, especially the stronger one, is still important under some specific conditions. Ironically, most countries in the global south are increasingly retreating from the stage of international trade while TNCs from the North are detaining many efficient means of control over technology, capital and even political access.</p>
Highlights
Everywhere, nowadays, is evidence that transnational trade and technological changes are transforming the world in every dimension
As global trade liberalization increases the significance of the transnational corporations (TNCs), this paper suggests that more and more TNCs increasingly tend to gain the upper hand in competition within the sovereign states and their governments under some conditions
When we see TNCs wielding their economic power over sovereign states in some cases, the logical step for us is to ask under what conditions TNCs have such a powerful influence in the field of international trade
Summary
Everywhere, nowadays, is evidence that transnational trade and technological changes are transforming the world in every dimension. The argument here is that sovereign states are scarcely de facto independent, those who are closely related to global trade. Actors (both states and non-state ones) on the stage of international trade that have comparative advantage in doing business are the real power-owner; put otherwise, country is very likely an agent for TNCs. This paper suggests that traditionally state-centric realists should seriously pay their attention on the impact caused by the global trade liberalization since the phenomenon: quiet politics—frequently exists in the process of reducing the influence of sovereign states and their governments by making international trade free from domestic regulations.. The last Section summaries research findings from the three cases and contends that the hypothesis based on state-centric realism does not fully reflect the reality in the field of international trade
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