Abstract
Between 2008 and 2010, EU Member States provided €1.6 trillion of state aid to banks, amounting to 13.1 % of EU GDP. State intervention on this scale, while essential in the short term to avoid a meltdown in the financial markets, carried with it serious longer-term risks to competition and the soundness of the EU banking sector. This article looks at how the European Commission has attempted to address those risks through its rules on state aid and finds that early indications are that those attempts have to a large extent been successful. It concludes by looking at how the situation has changed in 2012 and how the Commission has adapted its approach to the new situation.
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