Abstract
Materials and methods. As of January 1, 2021, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine has a collection comprising 1,101 lentil specimens from 54 countries, including 90 Ukrainian specimens. Of these, 17% are breeding varieties, 45% are breeding lines, 37% are trivially bred varieties and forms, and about 1% are five wild lentil species. The collection specimens were evaluated in accordance with valid methods. Our objective was to evaluate the collection for the traits that determine ease of production and to offer starting material for breeding. Our purpose was to identify sources of valuable economic characteristics for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties.
 Results and discussion. Basing on the multi-year results, we selected and proposed the starting material to create easily producible lentil varieties with the following characteristics: high yields of seeds (11 macrosperma sources (Krasnohradska 5 originating from Ukraine [1000-seed weight = 73 g]; 1913 T 15 from Canada [66 g]; UD0600141 from Spain [91 g]; and others) and 25 microsperma sources (UD0600707 from Ukraine [34 g]; Miledi from Russia [38 g]; CDC Redcap from Canada [38 g]; and others)); suitability for mechanized harvesting (6 macrosperma sources (Mistseva 5 from Ukraine, Ilina from Slovakia, 1921 T 11 from Canada, and others) and 18 microsperma sources (Novourenskaya 3565 from Russia, Pozdnyaya from the Czech Republic, CDC Redwing from Canada, and others)); improved biochemical composition and high cooking qualities of seeds (3 macrosperma sources (local accessions: UD0600141 from Spain, UD0600329 from Syria, UD0600151 from Mexico) and 10 microsperma sources (local accessions: UD0600451 from Bulgaria, UD0600017 from Afghanistan, UD0600979 from Israel, and others)).
 Conclusions. For 30 years of intensive work of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, divers and original staring material of lentil has been collected and studied; sources of valuable economic characteristics have been identified for breeding programs of research institutions of Ukraine and other countries
Highlights
The daily protein intake by humans is 80-90 g, and the global production of animal protein is 4-fold as little as the consumption
The lentil collection accessions were grouped by yield level into three classes within the defined ripeness groups
The multi-year studies resulted in selection of 11 macrosperma sources of high yield capacity (Krasnohradska 5 originating from Ukraine with a 1000-seed weight of 73 g; 1913 T 15 from Canada – 66 g, UD0600141 from Spain – 91 g and others) and 25 microsperma sources (UD0600707 from Ukraine – 34 g, Miledi from Russia – 38 g, CDC Redcap from Canada – 38 g and others); their yields exceeded those from the check accession Krasnohradska 49 and from the microsperma reference accession Stepnaya 244 by 116–247%
Summary
The daily protein intake by humans is 80-90 g, and the global production of animal protein is 4-fold as little as the consumption. Lentil is among the most valuable ones. This is a multi-purpose crop: food, medicines, fodder (grain, silage, green fodder, chaff, straw, hay) and technical products. Lentil is an important producer of biologically valuable digestible vegetable protein (21–35% of protein in seeds), which contains all essential amino acids [2]. Given the economic importance of this crop, high demand for it both in our country and on the world market and the accumulated experience of breeding, the available gene pool opens wide opportunities for the renewal and intensification of lentil cultivation and breeding in Ukraine
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