Abstract
Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSAs the evidential base for the role of diet in reducing the risk of chronic diseases expands, consumers prefer groats with higher content of dietary fibers, antioxidants, and low glycemic index (Gorelick J et al, 2017; Shewry PR, Hey SJ, 2015)
It was found that by the set of groats properties, breeding lines 10–79 and 10–139, which are recommended to submit to trials as sources of groats qualities, have been distinguished
The lowest yield was registered for T. timopheevii (170 ± 3 g/m2)
Summary
MATERIALS AND METHODSAs the evidential base for the role of diet in reducing the risk of chronic diseases expands, consumers prefer groats with higher content of dietary fibers, antioxidants, and low glycemic index (Gorelick J et al, 2017; Shewry PR, Hey SJ, 2015). Dicoccum) is considered to be healthy food, even superfood (Karagöz A, 2014; Righetti L et al, 2016; Zaharieva et al, 2010) because emmer is rich in bioactive compounds, dietary fibers, and emmer starch is digested more slowly than that of other wheat species (Thorup AC et al, 2014; Lachman J et al, 2012; Kulathunga et al, 2021). The assortment of dishes (including groats) that can be made from emmer is particularized in Zaharieva et al (2010). Within the framework of cooperation with the EU, Ukraine has considerably increased its supplies of grain processing products (including groats) to the EU market within five last years. Ukrainian groats are among top five products, imported to the EU. All the abovementioned facts demonstrate the promising future of selecting emmer wheat varieties suitable for groats use
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