Abstract
Quantal and classical theories developed recently for the full array of nℓ→nℓ′ transitions (Stark mixing) in Rydberg atoms by collision with slow ions are summarized. Quantal and classical probabilities Pℓ′ℓ(n) are provided for transitions in atomic hydrogen, induced by the time-dependent (dipole) electric field generated by adiabatic collision with charged particles. A universal classical scaling law permits examination of the (rapid) convergence of the quantal probabilities onto the classical background as n is increased. The structure exhibited in the variation of Pℓ′ℓ(n) with ℓ′ is explained and a quantal–classical correspondence is manifest. A modification to take account of quantum defects in Rydberg systems (with quantum defects) is presented. Essential agreement is obtained with measurements of Na+–Na(28d) collisions.
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