Abstract
Starch has been an inexhaustible subject of research for many decades. It is an inexpensive, readily-available material with extensive application in the food and processing industry. Researchers are continually trying to improve its properties by different modification procedures and expand its application. What is mostly applied in this view are their chemical modifications, among which organic acids have recently drawn the greatest attention, particularly with respect to the application of starch in the food industry. Namely, organic acids naturally occur in many edible plants and many of them are generally recognized as safe (GRAS), which make them ideal modification agents for starch intended for the food industry. The aim of this review is to give a short literature overview of the progress made in the research of starch esterification, etherification, cross-linking, and dual modification with organic acids and their derivatives.
Highlights
Starch is a naturally occurring, inexpensive polymer with extended application in the food and processing industry due to its safety, biodegradability, inexpensiveness [1], and specific technological properties, such as gelling, thickening, film forming, fat mimicking, etc. [2].it is not surprising that starch modifications have attracted thoughtful attention of the scientific community for many years
The appertaining synthesis routes significantly influence starch acetylation, too, e.g., when producing highly-substituted starch acetate, the addition time of activator potassium carbonate is of great importance—it should be added after acetic anhydride is allowed to penetrate into the starch granules [17]
The starch-octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) reaction can be improved with pre-treatment of starch with α-amylase, which increases the starch surface and enables the reaction to occur in the inner part of granules [10]
Summary
Đurđica Ačkar 1,†, Jurislav Babić 1,*, Antun Jozinović 1,†, Borislav Miličević 1,†, Stela Jokić 1,†, Radoslav Miličević 2,†, Marija Rajič 1,† and Drago Šubarić 1,†. Received: 23 August 2015 / Accepted: 15 October 2015 / Published: 27 October 2015
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