Stannous chloride—an effective reducing agent for the removal of selenium(IV) from acidic solution

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUND: Selenium removal from aqueous solutions can be a significant industrial problem, particularly in the metallurgical industry. In order to evaluate new reducing agents for this application, the reduction of selenious acid (H2SeO3) species with stannous ions (Sn2+) from weakly acidic sulfate solutions containing 300 mg L−1 of selenium at 23 °C was studied.RESULTS: At initial pH values < 1.3 and molar ratio ≥ 2, less than 0.5 µg L−1 of selenium(IV) remained in solution after reduction. The reductive precipitation reaction started as soon as the stannous ions were added to the selenium‐bearing solution and was completed in less than 5 min. The reaction products, characterized using X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, particle and surface area measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical analysis, were composed of approximately equal amounts of tin selenide and tin dioxide. In addition to tin selenide a minor amount of selenium(IV) was found to be removed via adsorption on the tin dioxide formed in situ. Tests with a complex industrial solution also resulted in full and stable selenium precipitation.CONCLUSION: Stannous ions were found to be very effective in removing selenious ions from synthetic and industrial solutions, producing very stable precipitates. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry