Abstract
Stand-by time at the workplace, even when the employee performs no work, is unquestionably working time. The Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) has confirmed this on several occasions.1 Not as clear is whether standby time at home during which the employee is required to respond to calls from the employer in a short deadline is also working time. The case ruling in Ville de Nivelles v Rudy Matzak answers this question in a positive way, at least in the situation that an employee – in this instance a volunteer firefighter – must respond to calls from his employer within eight minutes.
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