Standard-state Gibbs energies of the BCC, HCP and CCP structures of metals

Abstract

It is common practice to use the stable crystal form of a metal as the standard state for solid solutions and to use the pure liquid as the standard state for liquid solutions. When the deviations from Raoult's Law are small, this is usually the most convenient procedure even when the solid solution has a different crystal structure. However, when the deviations are substantial and one is interested in relatively dilute solutions, it is more convenient to use a standard state with the same crystal structure as the solid solution. Thermodynamic data are presented for the pure standard states (Raoult's Law standard states) for stable and metastable structures and for the Henry's Law standard states with the structure of the solid solution. Henry's Law standard states are also given for the liquid.