Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study is to develop a population-specific reference for permanent tooth emergence among 4–15 years old Czech Republic children. The reference derived from this sample population are essential for pediatric dental diagnostics, orthodontic treatment planning, as well as anthropological and forensic applications.MethodsIn this cross-sectional epidemiological survey, dental examinations of 1,370 Czech children (696 girls (50,8%) and 674 boys (49,2%), whose parents or legal guardians all signed informed consent forms) from 11 elementary schools and kindergartens were performed in the classroom. During the examination, previously emerged permanent teeth (other than third molars), the child's age and gender were recorded. A tooth is defined as having erupted when at least any part of the crown penetrates the gingiva, and is clinically seen in the oral cavity. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the median emergence age per tooth for both genders and the total sample. The data was statistically processed (using IBM SPSS Statistics 23) and carried out at a deviation level of 0.05. The statistical significance of the differences in the emergence of permanent teeth (contralateral, intermaxillary, inter-gender differences) was evaluated by the McNemar test.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in the emergence times between right and left sides. In addition, mandibular teeth emerged earlier than the corresponding maxillary ones (with the exception of the first and second premolars). Permanent teeth were found to emerge sooner in girls. Furthermore, the greatest inter-gender difference was observed in maxillary canines.ConclusionsThe new data reported can now be used as standards when assessing permanent tooth emergence of Czech children.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to develop a population-specific reference for permanent tooth emergence among 4–15 years old Czech Republic children
The first set of teeth to erupt is called the primary dentition. This is followed by a period of mixed dentition which begins with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, and ends when the last deciduous tooth is replaced
The sites were preselected in accordance with the WHO guidelines for national cross-sectional oral-health surveys, so that representative sample of urban and rural school children aged 4–15 years is included in the study sample
Summary
The aim of this study is to develop a population-specific reference for permanent tooth emergence among 4–15 years old Czech Republic children. The emergence times and sequences of eruption of permanent teeth are important in assessing child growth and development. It is very useful for dental treatment planning, in orthodontics, pediatric, physiologic age estimation and human identification in forensic dentistry. In some populations [2], maxillary second premolars could emerge before canines which could be the cause for the lack of space for canines Another change in the order could be the emergence of second molars before the second premolars, this array could push mesially on the first molar and cause the lack of space for the eruption of second premolars in which case orthodontic
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