Standardizing Diagnostic and Surgical Approach to Management of Bile Duct Injuries After Cholecystectomy: Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Treated at a High-Volume HPB Center

Abstract

BackgroundOptimal diagnostic and surgical approaches for patients with bile duct injuries (BDI) remain debated. This study reviews results from a standardized approach to management of high-grade BDIs at a North American center. DesignPatients undergoing surgical repair for BDIs over a 15-year period were included. Post-operative outcomes and biliary patency rates were calculated using imaging, laboratory values, and patient interviews. ResultsA total of 107 consecutive patients underwent repair for BDIs. Bismuth grade I/II injuries were identified in 46 patients (41%), grade III/IV in 41 (38%), grade V in 11 patients (10%), and 9 (10%) were unclassified. BDI anatomy was commonly identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (75%). Concomitant arterial injuries were identified in 30 (28 with formal angiography). Fifteen had early repairs (within 4 days) and remainder interval repairs (median: 65 days). Hepp-Couinaud repair was method of choice (83%). Estimated primary biliary patency was 100% at 30 days and 87% at 5 years. ConclusionWith appropriate referral to a specialist, surgical reconstruction of BDIs can have excellent outcomes, even with accompanying arterial injuries. Based on our experience, MR as first imaging modality and supplemental angiography served as the optimal diagnostic strategy. Delayed repair, using Hepp-Couinaud technique, with selective liver resection results in high long-term patency rates.