Abstract
Cough and phlegm frequently occur in respiratory diseases like upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. To relieve these symptoms and diseases, various ingredients are being used despite the debates on their clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the effects of the extract CKD-497, composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae, in relieving cough and facilitating expectoration of phlegm. CKD-497 was found to inhibit inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse macrophages and transient receptor potential cation channel 1 (TRPV-1)-overexpressed human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by capsaicin. CKD-497 decreased the viscosity of the mucin solution. During in vivo experiments, CKD-497 reduced coughing numbers and increased expectoration of phlegm via mucociliary clearance enhancement. Collectively, these data suggest that CKD-497 possesses potential for cough and phlegm expectoration treatment.
Highlights
Cough and sputum are the common symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AUPTI), acute bronchitis (AB), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1,2]
The main components for the extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae were isolated, which led to the isolation and identification of five compounds: schisandrin, gomisin
Along with the isolated compounds, three compounds obtained from the in-house chemical library were used for high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analysis for Chong Kun Dang (CKD)-497, as shown in Figure 1, suggesting that schisandrin, gomisin A, atractylenolide I, gomisin N, 6(E),12(E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol, schisandrin A, schisandrin
Summary
Cough and sputum are the common symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AUPTI), acute bronchitis (AB), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1,2]. Both cough and the production of phlegm have been recognized as defense mechanisms in the respiratory system. Airway mucus, secreted from epithelial cells and submucosal glands in the airway, is mobile and viscous, but well-cleared by cough and ciliary movement. Dysfunctions in airway mucin secretion and/or mucus hydration produce excessively viscous mucus that is not cleared by cough and ciliary action. To alleviate severe coughing and phlegm, several antitussives and expectorants such as ivy extract preparation [5], theobromine, and ambroxol are being
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