Abstract
The paper deals with the problems of standardized design in civil construction in the cities of Western Siberia during the architectural reform late in the 1950–60s and is based on archival sources.First, the development continuity of design and civil engineering industry was broken that time, thereby reducing to nothing the accumulated positive experience in standardized design and sharply limited the adaptation of design projects to regional conditions. Second, the methods of standardizing generated by the architectural reform were based on the universal factors and numerical criteria. That approach was aimed at centralizing the management of the design and construction industry, but did not take into account the leading regional factors and sharpened their adverse impact. It was impossible to develop projects on this basis that would meet local climatic and socio-economic conditions. Large local design organizations created during the architectural reform were forced to develop standardized projects for the conditions of Western Siberia, contrary to the main trends of the architectural reform. As a result, research and development played catch-up the civil construction and prolonged until the early 1970s.
Highlights
The paper deals with the problems of standardized design in civil construction in the cities of Western Siberia during the architectural reform late in the 1950–60s and is based on archival sources
The methods of standardizing generated by the architectural reform were based on the universal factors and numerical criteria
That approach was aimed at centralizing the management of the design and construction industry, but did not take into account the leading regional factors and sharpened their adverse impact
Summary
Постепенно накапливаемый опыт экспериментального проектирования и изучения специфики природно-климатических и строительных условий региона закономерно вел проектировщиков СибЗНИИЭП к разработке принципов типового проектирования для условий Западной Сибири и типовых проектов, максимально отвечающих этим условиям. Для межсерийной унификации элементов и изделий жилых домов, обеспечения гибкости строительных баз и многовариантности архитектурных решений зданий и т. Универсальный же подход, напротив, опирался на типовые проекты «однодневки» и предполагал их непрерывную смену: создание все новых, еще более разнообразных, типов секций и, соответственно, дальнейшее дробление сил проектных и строительных организаций. Что внешний облик жилых домов и блок-секций определяется не конструктивными узлами и планировочными схемами, а «разнообразием решений наружных стен и [элементов] “добора”, то есть парапетов, ограждений, лоджий и балконов, козырьков входа и т. При фиксированной мощности домостроительных комбинатов каждый из них мог выпускать «лишь 5–6 блок-секций жилых домов одной этажности».
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Schedule a callMore From: Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture
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