Abstract
Problem statement: Dermatophytes have developed resistance to the existing antifungal antibiotics. As a part of our continuous search we had isolated, identified and characterized actinomycetes from the halophilic environment having antagonistic activity against the dermatophytes namely Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Approach: Actinomycetes were isolated from the soil sample collected from the Ennore saltpan region, Chennai, India and screened for antidermatophytic secondary metabolite production by well diffusion method. Four dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum [MTCC 3272], Trichophyton mentagrophytes [MTCC 7687], Microsporum gypseum [MTCC 2819] and Epidermophyton floccosum [MTCC 7880] were used to study its susceptibility to the isolated actinomycetes. Actinomycetes which showed antidermatophytic activity were subjected to cultural characterization with respect to aerial and substrate mycelia color, diffusible and melanin pigment production and the growth of the organisms on different media. Further the micro morphological characteristics such as spore surface ornamentation and spore chain morphology determined by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis also suggested that the isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. The isolates were also tested for utilization of various carbon and nitrogen sources, degradation of complex compounds, sensitivity to antibiotics and inhibitory compounds. Results: All the 3 isolates exhibited different cultural and morphological characteristics. Based on the cultural characters and morphology they were assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The three isolates produced an inhibition zone of 30-31 mm on an average, utilized a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, degraded almost all the complex compounds and exhibited a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. They were designated as Streptomyces sp. DKDVIT1, Streptomyces sp. DKDVIT2 and Streptomyces sp., DKDVIT3. Conclusion: The Streptomyces sp. isolated from the Ennore saltpan of Bay of Bengal exhibited potential antidermatophytic activity. The extraction and characterization of secondary metabolites from these Streptomyces may be used as a lead compound/therapeutic agent for dermatophytosis.
Highlights
Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria, free living, saprophytic bacteria widely distributed in soil, water and colonizing plants showing marked chemical and morphological diversity but form a distinct evolutionary line of organisms[1]
The present study evaluates micro and macro morphological, cultural, biochemical and biological characteristics of Streptomyces sp. recovered from the soil sample collected at the Ennore saltpan of the Bay of Bengal, Chennai
On screening the 100 isolates of actinomycetes for antidermatophytic activity our isolates namely DKDVIT1, DKDVIT2 and DKDVIT3 produced a clear zone of 30-31 mm for T. rubrum and 18-35 mm for M. gypseum (100 μL per well)
Summary
Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria, free living, saprophytic bacteria widely distributed in soil, water and colonizing plants showing marked chemical and morphological diversity but form a distinct evolutionary line of organisms[1]. Actinomycetes are potential source of many bioactive compounds[2,3,4,5] which have diverse clinical effects and important applications in human medicine[6]. Members of the actinomycetes genus especially Streptomyces sp. Have long been recognized as prolific producers of useful bioactive compounds, providing more than half of the naturally occurring antibiotics discovered to date and continuing to be a major source of many types of antibiotics and other class of biologically active secondary metabolites that may find application as anti-infectives, anticancer agents or other pharmaceutically useful compounds[7,8,9]. Most actinomycetes were believed to be terrestrial; some strains have been found to occur in marine environments.
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