Abstract
<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>This study aimed to obtain standardised dry extracts of <em>Miracrodruon urundeuva </em>Allemão using spray-dryer and evaluate the stability of the extracts.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>It evaluated the drying parameters: Proportion of colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) (10, 15 and 20%), inlet temperature (160, 170 and 180 °C) and feed rate (4, 6 and 8 ml/min). The study of the accelerated stability of dry extract occurred in temperature of 40 °C (±2 °C) and relative humidity of 75% (±5%) for 6 mo. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry extract was evaluated in Swiss mice by the paw edema method.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Variations in drying conditions did not represent significant variations in yields of the process. The drying temperature and feed rate significantly influenced the concentration of quercetin (p≤0.05). The increase in inlet temperature and feed flow promoted the increase of quercetin concentration in the extracts. The stability study showed that the concentration of quercetin in dry extract was stable over a period of 6 mo. The dry extract showed anti-inflammatory activity in mice orally.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>A condition of 10% of colloidal silicon dioxide with an 180 °C inlet temperature and a feed rate of 8 ml/min was considered the most adequate for obtaining the extracts and the drying process resulted in stable dry extracts and the quercetin was a suitable biomarker for monitoring the process.</p>
Highlights
The Miracrodruon urundeuva Allemão is an arboreal species of the Anacardiaceae family, which is native to Brazil and found in Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, that is used in folk medicine for its medicinal properties [1]
Three factors at two levels were considered: (A) drying air inlet temperature (160, 170 and 180 °C), (B) the flow rate of the drying composition fed to the spray drying (4, 6 and 8 ml/min) and (C) the proportion of colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) (10, 15 and 20%)
Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA and multiple linear regression using the response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of the factors on the process yield and concentration of quercetin in dry extracts of M. urundeuva
Summary
The Miracrodruon urundeuva Allemão is an arboreal species of the Anacardiaceae family, which is native to Brazil and found in Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, that is used in folk medicine for its medicinal properties [1]. Studies using extracts from different parts of this plant have shown anti-ulcer activity [2,3,4], antiinflammatory and wound healing properties [4, 5], antibacterial and antifungal properties [6], neuroprotective qualities [7] and cytotoxicity in cancer cells [8]. The study of an ethanolic extract of leaves of M. urundeuva showed a higher incidence of secondary metabolites in the species than those derived from phenolic acids [9]. Phytochemical studies of the stem and leaf showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, mono and sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and steroids, condensed proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins and sugars [10, 11]. Thermoanalytical studies indicate that this compound is stable up to 315 °C when it starts the process of decomposition [17]
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