Standard Outcome Measures in Facial Paralysis: Getting on the Same Page.

Abstract

Clinicians caring for patients with facial paralysis (FP) are universally interested in improving outcomes by developing and/or embracing treatment approaches that advance functional recovery, improve aesthetic outcome, and/or restore nonverbal communication ability. In facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, increasing emphasis on outcomes 1 has driven the development of myriad assays to measure the effects of therapy. Some assays have been statistically validated and tested for internal consistency, applying varying degrees of rigor, though many remain inadequately tested. Because of the high complexity and broad range of deficits that patients diagnosed with FP experience, agreement regarding standard outcomes measures has been particularly elusive. In the current era, agreement regarding these measures is critical to advancing care. Deep experience with the condition over the past several decades has permitted leaders to begin to agree on certain elements essential to progress in FP treatment. 2 Intake Patients with FP require meticulous standardized intake. 2 The process should include detailed medical history and physical examination, with full cranial nerve examination, including testing facial and corneal sensation, and motor function of the tongue and muscles of mastication. Requisite medical therapy, laboratory testing, consultations, and imaging investigations are applied as indicated. 3 Patients require standardized pho