Abstract
Standard clinical terms, codes, and ontologies promote clarity and interoperability. Within radiology, there is a variety of relevant content resources, tools and technologies. These provide the basis for fundamental imaging workflows such as reporting and billing, and also facilitate a range of applications in quality improvement and research. This article reviews the key characteristics of lexicons, coding systems, and ontologies. A number of standards are described, including International Classification of Diseases-10-Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC), and RadLex. Tools for accessing this material are reviewed, such as the National Center for Biomedical Ontology BioPortal system. Web services are discussed as a mechanism for semantic application development. Several example systems, workflows, and research applications using semantic technology are also surveyed.
Highlights
ReviewThe need for clear clinical communication in radiology has long been recognized, and terminology is a key determinant of such clarity [1, 2]
We describe International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) in further detail and survey other selected resources which are relevant to radiology
This relates to issues of formatting and communications protocols, and will not be the focus of this discussion.) For example, a facility wishing to collect a local registry of colon cancer patients could begin by searching for medical records with the ICD-10-CM diagnostic category C18 for colon malignancy
Summary
The need for clear clinical communication in radiology has long been recognized, and terminology is a key determinant of such clarity [1, 2]. The Bmitral valve^ could be recorded as a type of a cardiac valve, and a part of the heart Together, such concepts and relationships form a network which may be termed an Bontology.^ Ontologies are a foundational technology for building semantic applications (see for example [7]) with a variety of clinical uses [8,9,10]. (A complementary concept is that of syntactic interoperability, or the ability of machines to transmit data without regard to its meaning This relates to issues of formatting and communications protocols, and will not be the focus of this discussion.) For example, a facility wishing to collect a local registry of colon cancer patients could begin by searching for medical records with the ICD-10-CM diagnostic category C18 for colon malignancy. Just as codes facilitate semantic interoperability and semantic computation based on text reports, so AIM associations permit the imaging data itself to be incorporated into semantic operations and
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