Abstract
The implementation of energy retrofit of residential buildings faces many risks around the world, especially in China, leading to low retrofit progress. Stakeholders’ proactive risk management is the key to the smooth implementation of retrofit projects but is normally affected by risk perception. Perceived risks instead of real risks are the motivators of their proactive behaviours. This paper aims to understand and address the present risk perception of stakeholders in order to drive effective proactive risk mitigation practices. Based on a risk list identified through a literature review and interviews, a questionnaire survey was then made to analyse and compare different stakeholders’ perceptions of each risk by measuring the levels of their concern about risks. It is validated that all the stakeholder groups tend to mitigate risks perceived highly proactively. Proactive risk management of risk-source-related stakeholders deserves more attention and responsibility-sharing with transaction costs (TCs) considerations contribute to the enhancement of risk perception. More responsibilities of construction quality and maintenance is taken by the government and contractors should be clarified, and the government should also be responsible for assisting design work. Effective information is beneficial to the decrease in homeowners’ risk perception that can motivate their initiative of cooperation.
Highlights
Building energy use has become the main driver for the growing worldwide energy consumption and CO2 emissions
The degrees of concern on all risks of each stakeholder group are measured by mean scores, and the standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV), and rankings are summarized
Narrow SD and CV indicate that data are stable and reliable and that respondents in the same group reach a consensus on the level of risk concern
Summary
Building energy use has become the main driver for the growing worldwide energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The final energy consumption of residential buildings accounts for over 70% of the global total [1]. In China, building energy consumption was 899 million tonnes coal equivalent (tce), and CO2 emissions were 1.96 billion tons in 2016, accounting for 20.6% and 19.4% of the national total quantity, respectively, in which energy consumption and carbon emissions of urban residential buildings share 38% and 41%, respectively [5]. China has experienced rapid growth of energy demand for space cooling over the past two decades, increasing at 13% per year since 2000 and even reaching 50% of peak electricity demand in recent summers, which leads to a large increase in CO2 emissions [6]. Sustainable buildings are the key factors to mitigate such environmental impacts, and this goal can be achieved by replacing inefficient building elements with more efficient ones [7]
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