Abstract
Microplastic (MPs) inputs to agricultural lands from wastewater and sewage sludge reuse in Europe have been estimated to be between 65,000 and 230,000 tons/year making the farm environment one of the major receptors and, possibly, environmental reservoirs of MPs. In Sweden there have been ongoing discussions since 1994 about environmental and health effects of sewage sludge application to agricultural lands. This debate on sludge use focused initially on metals, then moved on to pharmaceutical residues and currently has turned to MPs. In spite of the limited scientific information about environmental impacts of MPs in soils, governmental approval in Sweden to allow increased spreading of sludge on productive agricultural lands is moving forward. To study individual perceptions of the potential risks, interviews were conducted in 2020 with Swedish stakeholders who in some way work with the issue of sludge management. The results of these interviews provide an indication of not only how environmental risk information is interpreted by representatives from different sectors but also the degree to which perceived risks may shape environmental policy.
Highlights
Microplastics (MPs), or plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are one of the most discussed environmental issues of the twenty-first century
The purpose of this study was to survey stakeholder perspectives on two questions related to the issue of MPs in sludge spread on agricultural soil in Sweden
Our results confirm that more attention is currently placed on MPs in the marine environment
Summary
Microplastics (MPs), or plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are one of the most discussed environmental issues of the twenty-first century. They were first reported in the Sargasso Sea (Carpenter and Smith, 1972) but it was not until much later that the issue began to attract widespread scientific and popular attention (Thompson et al, 2004). They are produced through primary and secondary emission pathways. The former occurs when MPs are introduced directly into the environment via, e.g., domestic and industrial effluents, spills, sewage or indirectly via, e.g., run-off. MPs can be further broken down to form nanoplastics (1–100 nm)
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