Abstract
When flowing through Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, India, the Musi River picks up (partially) treated and untreated sewage from the city. Downstream of the city, farmers use this water for the irrigation of rice and vegetables. Treatment of the river water before it is used for irrigation would address the resulting risks for health and the environment. To keep the costs and operational efforts low for the farmers, the use of constructed wetlands is viewed as a suitable option. Towards this end, the paper investigates the interests and perceptions of government stakeholders and famers on the treatment of wastewater for irrigation and further explores the consumer willingness to pay a higher price for cleaner produced vegetables. Full cost recovery from farmers and consumers cannot be expected, if mass scale treatment of irrigation water is implemented. Instead, both consumers and farmers would expect that the government supports treatment of irrigation water. Most stakeholders associated with the government weigh health and environment so high, that these criteria outweigh cost concerns. They also support the banning of irrigation with polluted water. However, fining farmers for using untreated river water would penalize them for pollution caused by others. Therefore public funding of irrigation water treatment is recommended.
Highlights
Hyderabad is the capital of the South Indian State Telangana, a newly created state that was formed by dividing the state of Andhra Pradesh
This paper investigates the interests and perceptions of government stakeholders and famers on the treatment of river water for irrigation, it explores the farmers and consumer willingness to pay for vegetables that are irrigated with treated river water, and it surveys the views on policy instruments that could help in the implementation of a treatment system
State government and from the municipality, and scientists from Osmania University and various research institutions) to validate the above findings showed that the concerned government institutions are aware of the health problems for farmers and consumers of vegetables, caused by using untreated river water for the irrigation
Summary
Hyderabad is the capital of the South Indian State Telangana, a newly created state that was formed by dividing the state of Andhra Pradesh. The states will share Hyderabad as the capital for a period of years, until such time “new” Andhra Pradesh establishes its new capital. India (depending, if populations in the urban core or the metropolitan agglomeration are compared). It is divided into north and south by the Musi River, which originates 60 km upstream of Hyderabad in the Anantagiri hills and joins the Krishna River 160 km downstream in the Nalgonda district. Two big reservoirs upstream of Hyderabad were built in the 1920s to supply the city with water and reduce the impact of floods [1]. As the Musi River enters the city, it is reduced to a trickle
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