Abstract
Urban building-stocks use a significant amount of resources and energy. At the same time, they have a large potential for energy efficiency measures (EEM). To support decision-making and planning, spatial building-stock models are used to examine the current state and future development of urban building-stocks. While these models normally focus on specific cities, generic and broad stakeholder groups such as planners and policy makers are often targeted. Consequently, the visualization and communication of results are not tailored to these stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibilities of mapping and representing energy use of urban building-stocks at different levels of aggregation and spatial distributions, to communicate with specific stakeholders involved in the urban development process. This paper uses a differentiated building-stock description based on building-specific data and measured energy use from energy performance certificates for multi-family buildings (MFB) in the city of Gothenburg. The building-stock description treats every building as unique, allowing results to be provided at any level of aggregation to suit the needs of the specific stakeholders involved. Calculated energy use of the existing stock is within 10% of the measured energy use. The potential for EEM in the existing stock is negated by the increased energy use due to new construction until 2035, using a development scenario based on current renovation rates and planned developments. Visualizations of the current energy use of the stock as well as the impact of renovation and new construction are provided, targeting specific local stakeholders.
Highlights
Buildings account for about 40% of the final energy use and 36% of CO2 emissions in Europe [1]
For the existing stock, calculated energy use for space heating (SH) and domestic hot-water (DHW) is within 10% of the measured consumption values given in the energy performance certificates (EPCs), with calculated energy use being 2170 GWh/y and measured energy use being 1950 GWh/y
By applying previously developed building-stock models (BSM) methodologies to the multi-family buildings (MFB) stock of the city of Gothenburg, calculated energy use of the existing stock is within 10% of the measured energy use
Summary
Buildings account for about 40% of the final energy use and 36% of CO2 emissions in Europe [1]. It is estimated that most of the buildings that will be in use in 2050 have already been built [8], and the renewal rate of the Swedish residential stock is only 0.6% [9]. This implies a need for EEM in the existing stock, while considering new construction if the above-mentioned targets are to be met, as well as to allow for evaluation of the impact of new building codes based on the Nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) directive [4]. Buildings stocks are one of the important structures to be considered in the transformation process
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