Abstract
Competency framework development in health professions has downstream implications for all relevant stakeholders, from the professionals themselves, to organisations, and most importantly end users of services. However, there is little guidance related to what stakeholders might be involved in the competency development process, and when. This review aimed to systematically review literature related to competency framework development methodology in health, to identify the breadth and purpose of key stakeholders commonly involved in the process. Studies were identified using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ERIC) and a search of websites of organisations involved in curriculum or regulation using keywords related to competency frameworks. The total yield from all databases was 10,625 results, with 73 articles included in the final review. Most articles were from Australia (30%) and were conducted in the nursing (34%) profession. Unsurprisingly, practitioners (86%) and academics (75%) were typically engaged as stakeholders in competency framework development. While many competency frameworks were described as patient-focused, only 14 (19%) studies elected to include service users as stakeholders. Similarly, despite the multi-disciplinary focus described in some frameworks, only nine (12%) studies involved practitioners from other professions. Limiting the conceptualisation of competence to that determined by members of the profession itself may not provide the depth of insight required to capture the complexity of healthcare and address the needs of important stakeholder groups. Future methodology should attempt to engage a variety of relevant stakeholders such as external health professions and the community to match professional education to health service demands.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=128350
Highlights
A competent workforce is a key element for effective health care systems [1]
This study aimed to identify the key stakeholders commonly involved in the competency framework development process in health professions
This review offers a synthesis of stakeholder engagement in competency framework development in defined health professions and highlights a critical lack of diversity in perspective, needs to be considered in the context of its limitations
Summary
A competent workforce is a key element for effective health care systems [1]. The frameworks are an increasingly important policy tool in defining knowledge, behaviour and skill in addition to professional standing for regulation and quality improvement purposes [4]. They are often the basis for curricular development in health professional education programs and are used as standards in accreditation of programs [6]. Competency standards can be used in performance evaluation, professional development and for recruitment purposes, among other uses [2]. There is significant positive correlation between frequency of use of competencies and perceived confidence in service provision by health professionals themselves [7]
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