Abstract
BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China and around the world. Early detection is key to improving the survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Alteration in glycosylation has been observed in cancers, and glycans can be a source for the development of new biomarkers for NSCLC.MethodsIn this glycan biomarker discovery study, we measured serum N- and O-glycan profiles in NSCLC patients with different stages and healthy controls by performing lectin microarray analysis. The alterations of serum glycopatterns were compared between NSCLC patients and controls, and the stage-related changes in serum glycosylation were evaluated.ResultsThere were 18 lectins (e.g., AAL, Jacalin, GSL-I and DBA) to give significantly alterations of serum glycopatterns in lung adenocarcinoma compared with control group. Meanwhile, 16 lectins (e.g., Jacalin, HHL, and PHA-E+L) exhibited significantly alterations of serum glycopatterns in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared with control group. Importantly, most of the lectins showing altered signals exhibited significantly increased or decreased NFIs in patients with early stage adenocarcinoma and SCC.ConclusionsThe serum glycan profiles were significantly different between NSCLC and healthy control, and most of the glycosylation changes had occurred at early stage. Further evaluation is needed to examine the diagnostic value of the glycan markers identified in this study.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China and around the world
Their normalized fluorescent intensities (NFIs) for each lectin are summarized in Additional file, Additional file 3: Table S2
Lectin signal patterns were classified into 3 categories to evaluate whether the glycan profiles of serum glycoproteins were altered in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): (1) those showing
Summary
Detection is key to improving the survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been suggested as a screening tool for early diagnosis of lung cancer [5], its clinical utility is limited by its limited ability of differentiating benign pulmonary nodules from lung cancer. A number of serum-based biomarkers have been identified and are being used clinically for lung cancer detection. Cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21-1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) are commonly used as SCC markers. Because of their low sensitivity, these markers described above have not been generally recommended as a tool for the early detection of lung cancer. It is necessary to investigate novel serum biomarkers for lung cancer detection
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