Abstract
Echo is a text-based platform intended to be “the virtual salon of New York” that comprises a Bulletin Board System and personal messaging, known as “yo’s.” Founded in 1989 by Stacy Horn, Echo was one of the earliest social networks to emerge in New York. At its peak, Echo was used by tens of thousands, maxing out New York phone lines. Echo stands for East Coast Hang Out, a small but vibrant collective of people, known as “Echoids,” who discuss arts and culture in its conferences. Echo pioneered online media, hosting the first interactive TV show and went on to be described as "a cultural icon of the online community” by The New York Times. Horn has subsequently taught Virtual Culture at NYU and published Cyberville: Clicks, Culture, and the Creation of an Online Town. Horn turned down offers to acquire Echo, and it remains active today at .
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