Abstract
Device-to-device (D2D) communication and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been considered promising techniques to improve system throughput. In the NOMA-enhanced D2D scenario, a joint channel and power allocation algorithm based on the Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper. The social relationship between the cellular and D2D users is utilized to define their utility functions. In the two-stage Stackelberg game, the cellular user is the leader and the D2D group is the follower. Cellular users and D2D groups are matched via the Kuhn–Munkres (KM) algorithm to allocate channels for D2D groups in the first stage. The power allocation of D2D users is optimized through a penalty-function-based particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) in the second stage. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively strengthen the cooperation between cellular and D2D users and improve their utility.
Highlights
With the rapid growth of mobile terminals and multimedia services, the demand for high-rate data transmission has increased and the traffic pressure on the core network has become extremely high.Device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered a key technology to relieve the pressure of the core network effectively [1]
The distribution of D2D communication resources assisted by Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was studied in Reference [11], and the D2D throughput was optimized while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) of cellular users
In Reference [12], NOMA-based D2D resource allocation was studied as a Nash bargaining game, and the power optimization problem was solved by using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions
Summary
With the rapid growth of mobile terminals and multimedia services, the demand for high-rate data transmission has increased and the traffic pressure on the core network has become extremely high. In Reference [7], a joint optimization algorithm for channel and power allocation based on the Nash bargaining game was proposed It decomposed the optimization problem into two sub-problems, which simplified the calculation and improved the system throughput. The distribution of D2D communication resources assisted by NOMA was studied in Reference [11], and the D2D throughput was optimized while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) of cellular users. In Reference [12], NOMA-based D2D resource allocation was studied as a Nash bargaining game, and the power optimization problem was solved by using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. The resource allocation is modeled as a two-stage Stackelberg game by defining the utility functions of cellular users and D2D groups.
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