Stable vs. variable eccentric load. Do they induce different training and physical performance outcomes?

Abstract

ABSTRACT Since most movements on the field require athletes to produce forces in variable and unpredictable contexts, the use of training programs based on identical repetitions of an exercise may not be optimal for movement transference. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of unexpected eccentric load variability during resistance training in team sport players. Sixty-three men were randomly allocated to two experimental groups (Variable (VTG) and stable (STG) training group) and control group: (CG) volunteered to participate in this study. Experimental groups trained with the same average load of half-squat exercise twice a week for six weeks using rotary inertial devices (RIDs) with (VTG) and without (STG) an unexpected variability of the load. The squat force was measured for every session with force plates. Counter-movement jump (CMJ), sprint, and change of direction performances were measured pre and post-test. CMJ performance improved for VTG (p = .014; ES = 0.7) and STG (p = .005; ES = 0.79) but not for CG. Exposure to high eccentric forces with RIDs lead athletes to improve physical performance in the trained force vector but, since RIDs induce in high levels of variability per se, increasing the level of variability of the exercise will not add benefits to physical performance and training outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS The relevance of the study is to analyse if increasing the variability of the load will improve the athlete output to different physical performance tests. The exposure to eccentric overload with RIDs during the squat exercise allows to greater CMJ height improvements than those seen in the literature with RIDs without overloading the eccentric contraction. RIDs induce in high level of variability per se. Therefore, increasing the level of variability of the exercise will not add benefits to physical performance and training outcomes.