Stable single layer of Janus MoSO: Strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity

Abstract

Using density functional theory based first-principles calculations, we predict the dynamically stable 1H phase of a Janus single layer composed of S-Mo-O atomic layers. It is an indirect band gap semiconductor exhibiting strong polarization arising from the charge difference on the two surfaces. In contrast to 1H phases of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{MoO}}_{2}$, Janus MoSO is found to possess four Raman active phonon modes and a large out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient which is absent in fully symmetric single layers of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{MoO}}_{2}$. We investigated the electronic and phononic properties under applied biaxial strain and found an electronic phase transition with tensile strain while the conduction band edge displays a shift when under compressive strain. Furthermore, single-layer MoSO exhibits phononic stability up to 5% of compressive and 11% of tensile strain with significant phonon shifts. The phonon instability is shown to arise from the soft in-plane and out-of-plane acoustic modes at finite wave vector. The large strain tolerance of Janus MoSO is important for nanoelastic applications. In view of the dynamical stability even under moderate strain, we expect that Janus MoSO can be fabricated in the common 1H phase with a strong out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient.