Abstract

The scope of the environmentally benign direct C–H arylation polymerization (DARP) process is validated and significantly extended in the synthesis of a high-performance benzodithiophene-based copolymer series, PBDT(Ar)-FTTE, with previously untested and systematically varied heteroaryl (Ar) substituents. Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) containing the high-performance nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) ITIC-Th and DARP-derived donors are fabricated and evaluated, yielding PCEs as high as 8%. The relationships between Ar-sensitive copolymer structure, BHJ morphology, and PSC performance are elucidated through in-depth characterization of structural order, phase separation, and charge transport using SCLC, AFM, GIWAXS, R-SoXS, and NEXAFS measurements, which conclusively demonstrate the important effects of Ar-tunable, dimensionally smaller, and well-blended copolymer domains for maximum PSC performance. Smaller BHJ copolymer domains having greater ITIC-Th miscibility definitively correlate wit...

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