Abstract
A passively mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser is used to sample free-running microwave signals in the time domain. The repetition frequency of the pulsed laser is locked to the free-running microwave signal by electronically-controlled adjustment of the laser cavity length. A pump-probe detection scheme allows absolute time scaling. A photoconductive dipole antenna is introduced as a detector with very high sensitivity, but for the best temporal and spatial resolution, an electro-optic crystal is employed. The system's main application is the probing of electrical field distributions on free-running microwave circuits in the near and the far field, and time-resolved signal recovery of microwave signals with a time resolution of better than 4 ps. Fourier spectra computed from these measurements resolve higher harmonics up to at least 150 GHz.
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