Stable Hydrogen Storage Cycling in Magnesium Hydride, in the Range of Room Temperature to 300 °C, Achieved Using a New Bimetallic Cr-V Nanoscale Catalyst

Abstract

We created a bimetallic chromium vanadium hydrogen sorption catalyst for magnesium hydride (MgH2). The catalyst allows for significant room-temperature hydrogen uptake, over 10 cycles, at absorption pressures as low as 2 bar. This is something that has never been previously achieved. The catalyst also allowed for ultrarapid and kinetically stable hydrogenation cycling (over 225 cycles) at 200 and at 300 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the postcycled samples revealed a nanoscale dispersion of Cr-V nanocrystallites within the Mg or MgH2 matrix. TEM analysis of the partially absorbed specimens revealed that even at a high absorption pressure, that is, a high driving force, relatively few hydride nuclei are formed at the surface of the pre-existing magnesium, ruling out the presence of any contracting volume (also termed contracting envelope or core shell) type growth. HRTEM of the cycled and desorbed powder sample demonstrated that the bcc Cr-V phase is crystalline and nanoscale. We experimentally demonstrated that the activation energy for hydrogen absorption is not constant but rather evolves with the driving force. This finding sheds new insight regarding the origins of the wide discrepancy in the literature – reported values of the hydrogenation activation energy in magnesium hydride and in related metal hydride systems.