Abstract
MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Ca were incorporated in ambipolar 4, $4'$ -N, N'-dicarbazolylbiphenyl (CBP) by coevaporation as stable inorganic acceptors and donors, respectively. Both charge transport and injection in CBP single-carrier devices were markedly improved as the doping concentration was raised above 10 wt% for MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and 6 wt% for Ca. P-i-n homojunction blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a single CBP layer with 10 wt% MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -doped and 6 wt% Ca-doped CBP charge transport regions had a luminance of 1680 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the luminous efficiency of 3.4 cd/A, and a lifetime of 3.1 h at 50 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The homojunction blue OLEDs, benefiting from the greatly simplified structure and stable inorganic dopants, exhibited much improved reliability as compared with conventional multilayer heterojunction blue OLEDs.
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